场域关联、差序嵌入与信任结构的再生产——基于华北一所科技小院的经验研究

文章试图通过分析外源型农技推广组织与农村社区长达10年互动的社会过程来呈现非先赋性信任再生产的逻辑。分析发现,外源型农技推广组织实现由外而内并不是从“外人”变为“自己人”的线性嵌入,而是在“深嵌则依附”与“浅嵌则独立”之间寻找契洽共存的身份认同与行动空间的过程。虽然外源组织囿于乡土社会中内外有别、关系本位的特性,但是其反以“关系”为策略,基于“利益”与“情感”两个维度在场域关联的空间中差序性嵌入,通过高频的人情交往和利益交换在核心家族和区位格局的次级群体上建立自身的核心圈和亲近层,借助增产增量建立组织声誉来扩散村庄整体的互惠网络,将小院院所开放成半公共空间以生产着“生-熟”的信任格局,采取差序分利和模糊雇工来平衡环境依赖和组织独立,以实现从客人到帮手、从帮手到伙伴的身份转变,最终建立组织的合法性身份与行动的合情性空间,在“能否行动”的基础上推动“行动顺畅”成为可能。这种“伙伴”身份的建立过程也再生产着具有伦理性质的信任关系,此类非先赋性的多主体、多维度、层层推进的信任结构,是外源组织嵌入乡土但是不囿于乡土的切实选择。基于此,文章认为,外源组织由外而内的实现不只是一种嵌入过程,更是一种总体性信任结构的生产过程。

Field Correlation,Differential Embedding and Reproduction of Trust Structure——Research in a Science and Technology Backyard in North China

This paper attempts to analyze the social process between an exogenous agro-technical organization and rural community in 10 years interaction to present the logic of non-innate trust reproduction.We found that exogenous agro-technical organization realized from the outside to the inside,which is not the process of linear embedding.Instead,it is a process of seeking the position between“deep embedment”and“shallow embedment”.The exogenous organization is confined to the characteristics of the rural society that is relation-oriented.However,it takes“relationship”as its anti-strategy,based on the differential embedding with the two dimensions of field domain,“interest”and“emotion”.Through high-frequency interaction and interest exchange,it establishes its own core circle and close layer.By increasing production and building an organizational reputation to spread the reciprocal network of the whole village,opening the courtyards into semi-public space to produce the trust pattern,adopting differential profit and fuzzy hiring to balance environmental dependence and organizational independence,in order to realize the change of identity from the guest to the helper,and from the helper to the partner,finally,to establish the legitimate identity of the organization and the reasonable space of action.The process of establishing the identity of“partner”also produces a trust relationship with ethical nature.This non-innate,multi-subject,multi-dimensional and multi-level trust structure is a suitable choice for exogenous agro-technical organizations to embed in the countryside but not confined to the countryside.Based on this,we argue that the implementation of the external organization from outside to inside is not only an embedded process but also a production process of overall trust structure.