唐五代科举制度对童蒙教育的影响

唐代的官学教育体系主要是为科举考试培养和输送生员,童蒙教育则处于缺失状态,为私学的发展提供了空间。唐代私学补充了儿童教育的不足。童子科的设置为童子入仕开辟了捷径。助涨了士大夫对童蒙教育的重视,促进了唐代童蒙教育的发展,但同时也产生了不少负面影响。唐前期,在官学教育的考核标准基本上跟科举考试相一致的情况下,童蒙教育势必要顺应科举考试的要求,为科举服务;随着中晚唐五代科举考试标准的不断调整,童蒙教育也随之发生了变化。唐代科举制度的发展,极大地刺激了童蒙教育的发展,蒙书的编纂也呈现出前所未有的态势,体现了新的特点。

Impact of Imperial Examinations to Elementary Education in Tang and Five Dynasties

The public education system of the Tang dynasty(618-907) was intended chiefly for the training of adult candidates to take the imperial examinations,and elementary education was generally ignored.This provided space for the development of private education in the latter field,which proved to be an important complement to the system of children’s education at that time.The examination designed for children,which opened a shortcut for the candidates to seek for government positions in the future,attracted the attention of many government officials to elementary education,and in turn facilitated the development of the latter.But its negative effects were conspicuous as well.In the early Tang dynasty,the assessment criteria for public education were in conformity with the then imperial examinations,and the elementary education was oriented thereto accordingly;with the constant adjustments of the examination standards during the mid and late Tang and the succeeding Five Dynasties(907-960),the elementary education followed suit all along.The development of imperial examinations in the Tang dynasty greatly stimulated the growth of elementary education,and even boosted the unprecedented development of the compilation of elementary-education textbooks.