论内容违法的民事行为的效力——比较法视野下的价值与制度重构

对于内容违法的民事行为,法律有必要确定以区别对待,即违反法律效力性规定的行为当然无效,而违反非效力性规定及法律有例外规定的行为则并不当然认定为无效.随着行为效力问题理论研究的深入,结合各国、各地区立法与司法实践经验,针对我国大陆立法与司法现状,有必要对我国大陆的民事行为效力理论进行价值和制度的双向重构:一方面在行为效力认定的价值构建中,重新确定立法的指导思想,将充分尊重民法之私法性、维护行为双方意思自治等理念灌输到法律中去;另一方面则从公法与私法关系、效力判断的理念基础等方面进行价值与制度的具体重构.

On the Efficacy of Civil Action Whose Content is Illegal——Reconstruction of Value and System in the Perspective of Comparative Law

For civil actions whose content is illegal,it is necessary for the law to deal differently with different cases: those actions that breach the effective provision are certainly invalid,but those that breach the ineffective provision or agree with the exception provision are not necessarily invalid.With the development of the theoretical study of the action efficacy, it is necessary for Main land China to reconstruct the value and system of civil action efficacy theory in line with the status quo of Main land China's legislature and judicature and the foreign experiences: On the one hand,in the value construction of identifying action efficacy,we should set up the guiding principles for legislature and infuse into legislation such ideas as respect for the private law attribute of civil laws and protection for both parties' autonomy of meaning;on the other hand,we should reconstruct the value and system from such perspectives as the relation between public law and private law,the foundation of the idea of efficacy judgment.