“双碳”目标下农业生态效率测度及影响因素分析

农业生态效率是农业经济和生态环保协调发展的重要体现。文章首先引入农业碳汇效应,构建农业生态效率测度指标体系;其次,基于2010—2019年中国31个省市面板数据,运用熵权法改进的超效率SBM测算各地区农业生态效率;然后运用面板Tobit模型探究农业生态效率影响因素。结果发现:2010—2019年中国农业生态效率总体呈现平稳上升态势,空间上呈现东北地区最高、东部次之、西部较低、中部最低的分布格局;财政支农程度、工业化程度、农业自然环境、农业机械密度对农业生态效率产生负向影响;农业环境规制、科技支持力度、农业资源禀赋、农业人力资本和农业生产能力对农业生态效率产生正向影响。最后,提出合理投入农业要素资源;促进农业生产增长;加大农业科技研发和推广力度;提高农业劳动力素质等建议。

Agricultural Ecological Efficiency Measurement and Influencing Factors Analysis Under the Dual Carbon Targets

Agricultural ecological efficiency is an important manifestation of the coordinated development of agricultural economy and ecological environmental protection. This paper firstly introduces the agricultural carbon sink effect, and constructs a measurement index system of agricultural ecological efficiency; Secondly, based on the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2019, the super-efficiency SBM improved by the entropy weight method is used to measure the agricultural ecological efficiency of each region. Then, this paper uses the panel Tobit model to explore the influencing factors of agricultural ecological efficiency. The results show that a steady upward trend has been shown in China''s agricultural ecological efficiency from 2010 to 2019. In terms of spatial distribution pattern, the highest efficiency is in the northeast region, the second is in the east, the lower is in the west, and the lowest is in the middle. The degree of financial support to agriculture, the degree of industrialization, the agricultural natural environment, and the density of agricultural machinery have a negative impact on agricultural ecological efficiency; Agricultural environmental regulation, scientific and technological support, agricultural resource endowment, agricultural human capital and agricultural production capacity have a positive impact on agricultural ecological efficiency. Finally, some suggestions are put forward, such as rational investment in key agricultural resources, promoting the growth of agricultural production, intensifying the R&D and promotion of agricultural science and technology, and improving the quality of agricultural labor force.