贾理:苗族传统社会内部的“官学”体系

苗族贾理的传承提供了反思少数民族原生形态教育的新视角。在主流文化尚未大规模进入前,西南少数民族有各自文化传承的内容与方式。本文基于黔东南州丹寨县的田野考察,在历史语境背景下、从苗族贾理传承的形式和内容两个维度论证其补充儒学教化而成为苗族传统社会内部的“官学”,尤其是贾师办班授贾形式因其正式性、目的性可视作苗族特色“私塾”雏形。西南与中原同属一个文化共同体,贾理融通转化儒家思想,在育人、传承地方性知识和文化认同等方面发挥了民族文化的教育功能。于现代社会转型背景下,重审典型民族文化教育活动有助于增强中华民族共同体意识。

JIA LI:THE"OFFICIAL SCHOOL"SYSTEM IN THE TRADITIONAL MIAO SOCIETY

Jia Li's inheritance provides a new perspective to reflect on ethnic groups'original ecology of education.Before the large-scale introduction of mainstream culture,the southwest ethnic minorities have their own contents and ways of cultural heritage.This paper,based on the field investigation in Danzhai County of Qiandongnan Prefecture,in the background of historical context,demonstrates how Jia Li has become the"official school"in Miao traditional society through supple?menting Confucian education from the form and content dimensions of its inheritance in Miao soci?ety.In particular,the teachers'classes on teaching Jia Li can be viewed as the embryonic form of Miao's special private school due to the teaching style's formality and purpose.The southwest re?gion and central region of China both belong to a same cultural community,and Jia Li has integrat?ed and transformed Confucianism and played its educational functions on ethnic culture though edu?cating people,inheriting local knowledge,and promoting cultural identity.In the background of mod?ern social transformation,re-examining typical ethnic culture-education activities will help to en?hance the consciousness of Chinese national community.