我国公路运输成本结构及驱动因素——基于GTC模型的实证研究

在企业调研的基础上，运用广义运输成本（GTC）模型研究单次往返行程的公路运输成本。研究表明：燃油费用、道路通行费用与人工费用由高到低依次成为我国公路运输成本的重要构成及成本上升的关键因素。公路运输成本大幅增长，但公路货运企业难以转嫁上涨的成本，导致企业的合理利润受到严重挤压。应对的对策为建立公路货物运价和油价的联动机制；清理收费公路的违规及不合理收费；大力发展协同运输，提高回程装载率；加强公路运输车辆和司机的动态监管等。

An Empirical Study on the Structure and Driving Factors of China＇s Road Transportation Cost Based on GTC Model

Based on the surveys of logistics companies, this paper develops a road transportation cost model of a round-head-and-back haul voyage with GTC （General Transportation Cost） model to in- vestigate the total cost and cost structure, and identifies the key cost drivers with sensitivity analysis of China＇s road freight transportation. The results show that the fuel charge, the toll charge and the labor expense are the main components of China＇ s road transportation cost and the key cost drivers, With the cost going up rapidly, the reasonable profit of logistics companies has been squeezed out because of not being able to transfer the cost to the customers due to the weak position in the supply chain. This paper proposes some countermeasures to solve the problems, firstly, to establish corelevant mechanism between the highway freight pricing and gas pricing; secondly, sort out and stop the illegal toll charges; then greatly develop colldborative net transportation and raise the rate of return load; and finally, reinforce a dynamic supervision over the trucks and drivers.