唐都长安城的佛教寺院建筑

唐代是中国佛教的繁荣期，也是中国佛教寺院建设的兴盛期。唐都长安城佛教寺院规模宏大、数量众多，主要分布在长安城西市和东市周围以及城东南隅和城东北隅，呈现出西密东疏、北密南疏的特点。唐都长安佛教寺院主院不建佛塔始于唐高宗初年，到了唐高宗后期，建塔于别院的新式布局即成为佛教寺院流行的规制。唐都长安城这种以佛殿为中心的佛教寺院，有单院式佛寺和多院式佛寺两种基本类型。无论多院式佛寺，抑或单院式佛寺，唐都长安佛教寺院都以佛殿（堂）为中心，佛塔建在寺侧、寺后或别院，甚或不建塔，这是唐都长安城佛教寺院建筑在平面布局上的突出特点。唐都长安佛教寺院建筑革故鼎新，平面布局以佛殿为中心，是中国佛教寺院建筑的重大转折点，影响十分深远。

-

Chinese Buddhism was prosper in Tang dynasty. During this period, Chinese Buddhist temple construction flourished. Many Buddhist temples, some of large scale, were constructed in capital city of Tang dynasty, which scattered mainly around the west and east of Chang＇an, and the southeast and northeast corner of the city, but more in west and south and fewer in east and north. The main temple of Buddhist without pagoda in Chang＇an city began at the early years in Gaozong period. By the late period of Gaozong, the new layout of the pagoda in other smaller temples became popular. Buddhist temple with the Buddha hall as the center consisted of two basic types, single temple and multi-temple. Chang＇an Buddhist temple, whether simple temple or multi-temple, was constructed with Buddha hall as the cen- ter, with pagoda being beside or behind the temple, or in other temples even without pagoda, which was the prominent feature of Chang＇an Buddhist temple construction. Chang＇an innovative Buddhist temple architecture with Buddha hall as the center is a major turning point in Chinese Buddhist temple archi- tecture, and has profound and lasting influence.