我国农村最低生活保障力度及其横向公平性分析

运用比率模型和标准值模型,通过对全国31个省区市2008～2010年的实证研究发现:我国农村最低生活保障制度取得显著性成效,农村最低生活保障力度逐年增强。但农村最低生活保障存在明显的地区性差异,且截至2010年仍然有7个省区市的食品支出保障弹力F<1,未能保障人民的生存权。从横向公平性来分析,农村最低生活保障存在横向公平,但缺乏公平的物质基础。要实现农村全面保障,一是要大力振兴中西部地区经济;二是要加大地区的转移支付力度;三是农村最低生活保障标准应根据农村人均消费支出进行确定;四是要加强制度监管。

An Analysis on the Intensity and Horizontal Equity of Subsistence Allowance System in China

Based on the ratio model and the standard value model,this paper makes an empirical research on the data of minimum living guarantee system(MLGS) of China’ s 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2008～2010 and finds that the rural minimum living standard security system has made significant achievements.However,there are still significant regional differences.Up to 2010,there are still seven regions whose expenditure on food protection elastic F<1.Horizontal equity existed with the lack of fairness and material basis.To achieve comprehensive social security in rural areas,it is necessary to invigorate the Midwest regional economy;to increase transfer payments;to determine the rural subsistence allowance according to the per capita consumption expenditure in rural areas;to strengthen the system of supervision.