北极地区领土主权和海洋权益争端探析

有关国家通过发现、先占、条约以及司法判决等方式取得、确定了对北极地区的领土主权。涉及沿海国家之间领海、专属经济区和大陆架划界的传统海洋边界问题，或通过双边协定、司法判决得以解决，或通过签署共同开发或渔业协定得到缓解，或相持不下．争议尚存，或国际条约之间互补兼容，何去何从尚且存疑。有关国家相互之间及其与国际海底区域之间的200海里以外大陆架划界争端，成为近年来北极地区海域划界争端的显著特点。争端的解决不仅事关北冰洋沿岸国，也涉及人类共同继承财产，更将对海洋法的发展产生深远影响。

An Analysis of the Dispute over Arctic Region's Territorial Sovereignty and Maritime Rights

The concerned countries obtained and determined the territorial sovereignty of the Arctic re gion through the discovery, pre-emption, treaties and judicial decision. The traditional marine problems among the coastal countries involved in the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf delimitation of maritime boundaries. Some of these problems can be resolved through bilateral agreement and judicial decisions, or be eased through signing joint development agreements or fisheries agreements. Others still remain in dispute, reaching a deadlock or being harmonized through complementary and compatible international treaties. We still doubt which course to follow. The delimitation disputes beyond 200 nautical miles araong the concerned countries and related with the international seabed area have become a significant feature of the maritime delimitation of the Arctic region in recent years. The settlement of disputes not only concerns the Arctic Ocean coastal countries and the common heritage of mankind, but also will have a profound impact on the development of iaw of the sea.