郑和下西洋终止相关史实考辨

史学界长期流行的若干有关下西洋终止的传统观点存在问题。首先是海禁说不能成立,下西洋与明朝紧接着下颁的禁海令之间没有直接关连,朝贡贸易与海禁是明朝两种不同内涵的政策;其次下西洋有“充溢库市”的一面,耗费巨大乃至物力不支说是一种误解;最后下西洋终止有偶然因素和必然性,下西洋推动亚洲地缘政治经济格局发生重大改变,拉近了海外市场与中国的距离,从此中国不必舍近求远前往印度洋,终止与中国从先进到落后没有逻辑的联系。

A Re-examination on the Facts that Accounted for the End of Zheng He's Voyages to Western Ocean

According to historical facts,this paper puts forward queries to some traditional standpoints on Zheng He's voyages to Western Ocean.Firstly,the view of ban on maritime can't be tenable.There is no direct connection between Zheng He' s seventh voyage and the following Ming government' s ban on the sea.The tribute trade and the ban on maritime personal trades are absolutely two kinds of policies with different contents.Secondly,Zheng' s voyages,had "the overflows in storeroom and market";but that zheng' s voyages cost so much that material resources could not bear them was a misunderstanding;Finally,there are accidental factors and inevitability at the end of Zheng He's voyages,the voyages making an important change in Asia's political economic structure,and drawing overseas market to China.Therefore Chinese need not go to the Indian Ocean.The end of voyages had no logic contact between China' s advancement and backwardness.