地震灾时个体行为反应模式与影响因素——以芦山地震为例

研究地震发生时个体的行为反应特征和分类模式，并阐释其影响因素。研究结果发现:灾时第一时间的行为反应有逃跑、躲避、寻求信息、木鸡、利他行为、保护财产和未反应等类型，地震后半小时的行为反应依次为联系家人行为、信息交流行为、采取措施、疏散、寻求归属和未反应。灾时第一时间的行为反应根据可控制程度和激发程度分为四大模式，影响行为反应模式选择的因素包括感知震动强度、感知风险、从众心理、地震经历、反应能力等。建议政府管理者针对不同的行为反应模式，锁定需要重点关注的人群，通过加强灾前教育和演练、完善灾时救援和风险沟通方案，引导公众采取更科学有效的行为反应来降低地震造成的伤害。

Individual's Immediately Behavioral Responses Modes and Influencing Factors in Earthquake-The Case of Lushan Earthquake

The characteristics and classification of individuals'' behavioral responses during earthquakes and the important influencing factors were examined in this paper. The research findings reveal that immediate behavioral responses during earthquakes include escaping, seeking shelter, seeking information, freezing, altruistic behavior, protecting property and having no reaction. Individuals'' behaviors within half an hour after an earthquake in order are contacting family members, information communication, undertaking actions, evacuation, seeking affiliation and no reaction. Immediate behavioral responses can be divided into four modes based on two dimensions involving the extent of controllability and arousal. The behavioral response modes are influenced by individuals'' shock perception, risk perception, conformity, earthquake experience and reaction capacity. In order to effectively cope with earthquake and reduce the damage caused from earthquake, we suggest that government manager should focused on specific group of people that mostly need help based on different behavioral response modes, enhance earthquake education and drills, and improve disaster relief and risk communication system.