组织知识创造中知识共享与知识封闭

基于系统论方法，探讨了知识创造中组织存量知识运用的2种不同方式对组织知识创造的作用机理。分析认为，组织内创造知识的团队，即知识型团队是由搭便车动机子系统、正式与非正式的信息与行为协调子系统、社会自激励子系统构成；从每个子系统视角看，知识型团队内成员间的知识共享、团队间的知识封闭都是促进知识创造中知识运用的重要方式。同时认为，促进团队内知识共享程度的方式包括：设计团队的外部约束性参数、加大团队的异质性及相互接触的制度、设计合理的规模。还认为，团队间知识的相互封闭是通过捆绑2个或2个以上的竞争性团队实现的；竞争可以进一步减小各团队搭便车的动机，团队成员之间更加紧密的关系促进了知识流动与转移的深度与广度，使各团队的开放度降低而更深入地提高团队成员间的相互激励水平。

Knowledge sharing and encapsulating in creation of organization knowledge

The processes for two ways of using organizational knowledge stores in creating knowledge are explored. Based on the system theory, teams of knowledge creation within organization, namely knowledge-creating teams, can be seen as complicated social dynamic system, which are composed of incentive subsystems of free riding, formal and informal subsystems of information communication and behavior corresponding and self inspiring social subsystem. From the each subsystem, knowledge sharing among the members of the teams and knowledge encapsulating between the teams are the important knowlthrough binding two or more than two teams so as to make them competing. Competing among teams can further reduce the incentive of free riding within each team, make the relationships closer among the members to deepen and widen the intercourses and transfers of team members＇ knowledge, and narrow the openness of teams to inspire the mutual incentive among teams＇ members more deeply and widely.