重庆“转户农民”退地情况调查与启示

重庆市户籍制度改革在农民自愿的前提下进行土地处置,但是通过调查研究发现,"转户农民"①自愿退出土地的比率较低。影响"转户农民"退地积极性的主要原因有:配套政策未及时跟上、历史遗留问题、现行政策欠完善、土地利用未明确、改革资金周转困难等。"转户农民"退出土地,利于农村、农业更好地发展,利于其在城市获得更好的发展空间,也利于缓解改革财政压力;而农民转户不退地,可能形成"城乡三元"人口结构,使农村、农业发展陷入僵局,也会阻碍下一阶段户籍制度改革的推进。应加强户籍制度改革的宣传,尽快落实户改配套政策和解决历史遗留问题,完善现行户改政策和退出土地利用政策,拓展改革资金来源,为户籍制度改革提供法律保障,并允许"转户农民"退回农村,消除其后顾之忧。

Investigation on Land Quitting Condition of the Peasants Whose Household Register Has become Urban Resident Status and Its Enlightenment

Chongqing’s household register system reform is based on that the peasants freely deal with their land,however,the investigation finds that the rate of willing for land quitting in the peasants who have become urban residents is low,and the main reasons for the peasants not to actively quit their land include inadequate matched policies,present and historic problems,unperfected current policy,unclear land utilization,difficult reform fund circulation and so on.The "land quitting" of the peasants who have become urban residents is conducive to better development of the countryside and agriculture,is helpful to their getting better development space in the cities and is beneficial to erasing financial pressure for the reform.However,if the peasants have become urban residents,but they do not quit their land,"urban-rural triple population structure" is possible to be formed,which make the development of the countryside and agriculture in deadlock and which also hamper further household register system reform.Chongqing should strengthen the propaganda of household register system reform,make matched policy for the reform and solve historic problems as soon as possible,perfect present household register reform policy and land quitting and utilization policy,broaden the capital sources for the reform,provide legal guarantee for the reform and allow the peasants who have become urban residents to return to the countryside and to remove their worrying for their future life.