张载的佛教观及其启示

从对佛教的认知层面考察张载的佛教观 ,可以看出他对佛教的基本态度是批判的、排斥的。其批判、排斥涉及本体论、心性论、因果论及讲道方式等。在本体论层面 ,张载由“气”的运行状态、“空”的存在形式多样性、“空”的有用性和人生实在性等方面证明“空”的“实有性” ,以否定佛教“万物为幻”之说 ,并由“气化论”批判佛教的因果报应说。在心性论层面 ,张载批判佛教心性论为“知觉为性”、“灭人本性”、“去人伦之性”、“妄言天性”。这种批判显示出张载复兴儒家实学的宏伟志愿和坚定的道统意识 ,但也反映出他对佛教的偏执态度及由此形成的对佛教的误读

On Zhang Zai''''s Viewpoint of Buddhism and Its Revelation

Examining Zhang Zai's viewpoint of Buddhism from a cognitive perspective, we can find Zhang Zai's critical and repellent attitude towards Buddhism, which is involved in the fields of ontology, the theory of mind and nature, the theory of cause and effect, the way of preaching and so on. On the ontological level, and from the aspects of movement of "gas", the varied existential forms of "void", the function of "void" and the reality of life, Zhang Zai proves the existence of the "void", denies the Buddhist doctrine that everything is unreal and criticizes the Buddhist idea of karma on the basis of his gasification theory. And in respect of heart and nature, Zhang Zai criticizes Buddhist thoughts of "regarding the felling as the nature", "destroying people,s nature", "getting rid of the ethic" and "discussing the heaven's nature arrogantly", which indicates Zhang Zai's great wish to revive Confucianism and his firm consciousness of Confucian orthodoxy. However, it also reflects his bigoted attitude towards and misreading of Buddhism.