中国出口产品质量提高了吗

本文基于Khandelwal(2010)的出口产品质量测度思路及Berry（1994）的嵌套Logit模型，构建了测度中国出口产品质量的理论框架。测度结果表明：我国制造业总体的质量水平呈缓慢上升趋势，但各行业表现出不同的特征。在此基础上，对我国出口产品质量决定因素进行了多维度的经验考察，得到了以下基本结论：我国人均国民收入较高时，它与出口产品质量显著正相关；随着一般贸易份额的增加，其对出口质量的提升已超过了加工贸易；企业研发对劳动密集型出口产品质量贡献最大，对资本密集型产品质量贡献最小；人力资本对出口产品质量的贡献刚好跟国内研发相反；外资出资方式对出口产品质量影响与其采取的贸易方式有关。另外，企业中间品投入、资本强度及政府的研发补贴都会对出口质量产生影响。据此，本文认为在引资导向上应逐步引导外资与一般贸易方式的结合力度；适度加大对传统劳动密集型行业的研发力度是促进产业结构优化升级的重要途径；需加强企业中间投入品的投入，优化要素投入比例，积极培育高质量、适合各行业实际发展需要的人力资本。

Has China Improved the Quality of Export Products

Based on Khandelwal’s idea (2010) about measuring the quality of export products and nested logit model in Berry (1994), this paper constructs a theoretical framework in measuring the quality of Chinese export product. Measurement results show that: the quality of the overall level of China's manufacturing industry shows a slowly rising trend, but it has different industrial characteristics. Besides this, the empirical investigation on export quality determinants is carried out in several dimensions. The following conclusion is as follows: when China's per capita income is relatively high , it is a significant positive correlation with the quality of export products; with the increase of the share of general trade , its contribution on the quality of the export exceeds that of processing trade; the contribution of domestic R&D is bigger in labor-intensive products, much smaller in capital-intensive products; the role of human capital to the quality of export products is just the opposite; the influence of investment mode on export product quality is closely related to trade mode. Finally, the paper argues that the initiatives should be done combining FDI with general trade; further increasing R&D level in traditional labor-intensive industries is an important way to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure; cultivating actively high-quality human capital that appropriates the actual needs is urgent.