汉语词语构成的音节因素和节奏语感的培养

汉语音节和构调、词语搭配存在相关性。语素的音节特点、双音节化倾向、四字格成语的大量存在和音节式的缩略词是音节和构词相关性的重要方面。汉语的音节特点也影响到单、双音节词语的相互搭配以及某些虚词的使用。汉语学习者的语言错误有不少是由不了解词语构成在音节和语音节律方面的制约因素而引起的。从语言交际技能的角度看,准确把握节奏规律的实质就是建立准确、健全的节奏语感,而加强诵读教学便是有效方法之一。

The Syllabic Factors of Chinese Word Formation and the Cultivation of the Sense of Language Rhythm

In Chinese, syllables are related to word formation and word collocation. The syllabic characteristics of phonemes, the tendency towards two-syllable words, syllabic shortened forms and the abundant existence of four-character idioms are the most outstanding aspects of the correlation between syllables and word formation. Moreover, syllabic characteristics affect the collocation of one-and two-syllable words as well as the usage of certain function words. Learners of Chinese often make mistakes, because they are unaware of the restrictive effect of syllabic rhythm and speech rhythm on word formation. For communicative language skills, a good command of such rhythmic principles means the establishment of a correct, natural sense of language rhythm. Education in reading aloud and reciting is an effective way to cultivate this sense.