社会主义新农村建设中农村“留守妻子”生存状态研究

社会主义新农村建设需要和谐环境，而长期的城乡二元结构社会制度在一定程度上排斥着农村夫妻共同迁居城市就业和生活，这导致了许多半流动农村家庭的出现。作为社会细胞的家庭在农村社区的不稳定性和欠和谐发展，给广大农村造成了各种经济的、社会的隐患，是新时期农村建设的不和谐因子。夫妻在外出与留守的抉择中，多数妻子无奈地选择了后者，承担起了本应双方共同承担的家庭责任。研究表明：虽然大多数“留守妻子”是由于子女的教育才留守在农村的，但她们却缺乏将子女教育成才的自信和能力；丈夫外出后，大多数农村“留守妻子”认为其安全感和幸福感降低了，部分认为更幸福的妇女主要是由于经济收入的增多或可以免除家庭暴力行为；“留守妻子”的选举投票自主权有所增强，但是她们参加干部竞选的积极性降低。

Current Situation of Rural Grass Widows' Life in Socialist New Countryside Building

Harmonious environment is needed in the process of Socialist New Countryside Building, but longstanding duality structure regime between urban and rural area in China, to some extent, excludes the migration of Chinese peasant couples to cities for working and living, which makes lots of half-flowing family which are always disharmonious. The instable and disharmonious state of rural families as cells of society in countryside communities leads to lots of economic and social hidden troubles, and also is one of the disharmonious factors in new period of rural construction. However, most of peasant women have to stay in rural areas, and they have to undertake the responsibility of taking care of their families that ought to have been undertaken by husbands and wives together. The survey indicates： because a bulk of grass widows stay at hometown to educate their children, they lack of self-confidence and ability to teach their children successfully; after spouse outgoing, a bulk of rural grass widows think safety and happiness lower, but a part of them consider much happier mainly because of the increasing of income or exemption of family; and their independence of poll is strengthening, while the activity of running for cadres is poorer. In a word, potential crisis and disharmonious secret anguish come from the abnormal separateness of couples to living condition of rural families, rural constructions and the development of society, though the economic conditions of the whole families are improved largely for their husbands＇ outgoing.