集体意向辨析

关于集体意向的争论涉及两个问题:集体意向的性质是什么?拥有集体意向的主体是什么?前者可归结为集体意向的内容问题,后者可归结为集体意向的拥有状态问题,两者既密切相关又相互独立。集体性意向的实在性和集体性意向的集体拥有状态的实在性将意向—行动的因果解释模型由个体推广到集体。作为意向主体的集体对于个体的随附性关系将整体主义和个体主义在一定程度上统一起来。从功能结构上说,超越个体的集体性意向的主体是不实在的;从功能意义上说,超越个体的集体性意向的主体是实在的。

An Analysis of Collective Intention

Debates over collective intention chiefly concern two problems,one of which is about qualities of collective intention,the other about how subject(s) possessing collective intention.The former may come down to the content of collective intention,while the latter the possession state of collective intention.The two problems above are mutually independent from as well as mutually related with each other.The reality of both intention of collectivity and its collective possession extends the mode of causal explanation of intention-action from indi viduals to collectives.The accessory of collective as a subject of collective intention attached to its individuals unifies collectivism and individualism to some degree.At the level of functional meaning,the subject(beyond individuals) of collective intention is real,while at the level of functional structure,is not real.