全球转基因作物发展趋势与中国产业化风险管理

近年来,一些国家采取不断扩大转基因作物品种和种植面积的方式来解决粮食危机。目前,全球有70多个国家和地区种植、进口转基因作物,依照种植面积大小,大豆、玉米、棉花、油菜等转基因作物位居全球种植前列。中国批准进口的转基因作物主要是玉米、油菜等5种作物,且均作为加工使用,不用做粮食。发展中国家种植面积现已超过发达国家,复合性状转基因作物呈现增加趋势,而且转基因作物更加多样化是全球转基因作物发展趋势。在转基因作物产业化过程中主要存在技术、转让和市场等7种风险，美国、巴西、印度等国家对转基因作物产业化风险管理各有特色。构建规范的转基因领域法律体系,促进部门沟通协作,建立全过程追溯管理体系,实行风险分类管理和鼓励公众参与风险管理,是中国应对转基因作物产业化风险的可行之策。

Research on the Development Trend of Global GM Crops and the Risk Management of Its Industrialization in China

In recent years,some countries have adopted the method of continuously expanding the varieties and planting areas of genetically modified (GM)crops to solve the food crisis.Currently,more than 70 countries and regions in the world grow and import GM crops.According to the planting area,soybean,corn,cotton,rape and other crops rank among the top in the world.China has approved the import of five GM crops,including corn and rape,which are used for processing but not for food.The growing area of developing countries exceeds that of developed countries,and the composite traits of GM crops are increasing,and GM crops are more diversified.These are the global GM crops development trends.There are seven risks in the process of industrialization of GM crops,such as technology,transfer and market.The United States,Brazil,India and other countries have their own characteristics in the risk management of the industrialization of GM crops.Constructing a standardized legal system in the field of GM crops,promoting communication and collaboration between departments, establishing a full process retrospective management system,implementing risk classification management and encouraging public to participate in risk management are feasible strategy for China to deal with the risks of the industrialization of GM crops.