调整政府支出结构 提升居民消费意愿——一个财政政策视角的分析

根据各类政府支出项目的基本功能,可将其划分为公共福利支出和非公共福利支出两大类,在现阶段,政府财政的公共福利支出对居民消费具有互补效应,而非公共福利支出对居民消费具有替代效应,并且前者明显强于后者.为了探析公共福利支出对居民消费具有互补效应的内在原因,我们根据行为经济学的基本理论与方法,假设居民的心理安全是决定其消费行为的重要因素,而公共福利支出又是影响心理安全的重要因素,并通过检验发现,当公共福利支出满足居民心理安全需求的能力下降时,居民的消费增长对收入增长的反应系数显著变小.上述结论的政策含义是,通过对政府支出的内部结构进行调整,即一方面增强公共福利支出的供给力度,以维持居民的心理安全;另一方面适当缩减非公共福利支出中的"臃肿"部分,以达到提升居民消费意愿、刺激居民消费增长的目的.

Adjusting Government Spending Structure and Increasing Consumption Willingness:from the View of Fiscal Policy

We divide government spending into two categories that are public welfare spending(PWS) and non-public welfare spending(NPWS).We find that PWS is complement for private consumption while NPWS is substitute,and the former is more effective than the latter.To analysis the complement effect of PWS on private consumption,we use the theories and methods of behavioral economics and assume that consumer behavior is determined by people's psychological security which in turn is determined by PWS.Our empirical estim...