产业特征、空间竞争与制造业地理集中——来自中国的经验证据

本文通过对影响我国产业地理集中的决定因素建立了一个基于产业特征分析的空间竞争理论框架,并通过对1995~2003年间中国28个两位数制造业的面板数据的计量检验,得出一些启示性结论:第一,传统的劳动力等比较优势逐渐成为抑制中国制造业地理集中的主要因素;第二,我国制造业地理集中主要由产业的技术偏好、市场规模和产业关联等因素推动,制造业地理集中表现出较为明显的区域技术外溢效应,临近区域之间的后向关联效应较强;第三,产业的规模经济特征的作用效果不明显。规模经济特征一方面限制了产业空间集中,另一方面又抑制了产业的扩散,但总的来说,具有微弱的促进产业空间集中趋势。

Characteristics of Industries,Competition for Space and the Geographic Concentration in Manufacture

By means of the determinants affecting the geographic concentration(GC) of China's industries, we have constructed a space competition theoretical framework based on the analysis of industrial characteristics; and by way of the econometric test in China's 28 manufacture panel data of the year 1995 to 2003, we have drawn three enlightening conclusions: (1) the traditional comparative advantage such as the labor force has gradually become the major factors that restrain the GC of China's manufacture;(2)the GC of China's manufacture, which shows more obvious spillover effects of regional technology, is impelled mainly by such elements as the preference for technology in industry, the market scale and the industry linkage and there are stronger back linkage effects between adjacent regions; (3) the effect of the industrial scale economy is not conspicuous. The characteristics of scale economy have curbed the industrial GC on the one hand, and on the other, they have limited the industry proliferation; but generally, they show, to some extent, a trend toward the promotion of space concentration.