The effects of motherhood timing on career path |
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Authors: | Amalia R. Miller |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Economics, University of Virginia, 237 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA |
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Abstract: | This paper estimates the effects of motherhood timing on female career path, using biological fertility shocks to instrument for age at first birth. Motherhood delay leads to a substantial increase in earnings of 9% per year of delay, an increase in wages of 3%, and an increase in work hours of 6%. Supporting a human capital story, the advantage is largest for college-educated women and those in professional and managerial occupations. Panel estimation reveals both fixed wage penalties and lower returns to experience for mothers, suggesting that a “mommy track” is the source of the timing effect. |
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