论亚里士多德《诗学》中的古典叙事理论

亚里士多德的《诗学》是西方古典叙事理论的发轫之作。第一,亚氏认为文学叙事起源于摹仿,叙事的本质是摹仿和虚构的有机统一。第二,把以情节作为第一要素的古典叙事理论进行了全面而科学的论证和归纳。第三,指出了叙事时间、叙述者和叙述声音等具有现代叙事学意义的叙事手法。第四,梳理了叙事效果的类别和途径。第五,提出了叙事批评的标准。总之,亚氏的《诗学》无疑是西方第一部有关古典叙事理论的具有科学性和系统性的经典著作。

On the Classical Narrative Theory in Aristotle's Poetics

Basing on the five following facts,Aristotle's Poetics is the first book about classical narrative theory in the West.Firstly,it is confirmed by Aristotle that narration is originated from mimesis and the essence of narration is something combined both by mimesis and fiction.Secondly,it is he who comprehensively and scientifically tidied up and summed up the classical narrative theory which considered plot as the first element.Thirdly,it is he who pointed out very early some of our modern narrative techniques such as narrative time,narrator and voice.Fourthly,it is he who tidied up the types and approaches of narrative effects.And Fifthly,it is he who brought forward the standards of narrative criticism.In conclusion,Aristotle's Poetics is the first book about classical narrative theory in the West both in scientificity and systematicness.