从"威尼斯之谜"看共和国的政治体制

中世纪末期的“封建危机”促使欧洲大陆各国纷纷走上了通过加强中央集权,实行君主专制的道路,希望以此来缓解国内矛盾。而与此同时,身处大陆边缘的威尼斯共和国则独行其是,不仅因其经济上的繁荣,更以其政治的稳定与社会的和谐为当时的世人所瞩目,由此产生的种种关于威尼斯近乎“完美”的政治制度与和谐社会局面的赞誉被近代的史学家概括为“威尼斯之谜”。从这一命题出发,通过考察文艺复兴时期威尼斯共和国的社会经济政治状况,阐释威尼斯共和制政治体制的具体运作,试图阐明这样一个观点:威尼斯的统治阶级通过一套行之有效的具有“寡头统治”色彩的政治体制,使威尼斯城市共和国成功地维护了其政治的稳定和社会的和谐。

Myth of Venice and Political System of Republican

Since the late Medieval,most of the West European countries were under the centralized monarchy,for the crisis of feudalism forced them to relieve the internal intensive contradiction by using it.But the Republic of Venice,on the edge of the continent,had been especially highly praised in the Europe,owing to both its economic prosperity and the harmony of the society and the political constitution.So modern historians have coined the term the myth of Venice to identify the cluster of notions that constitute the Republic's historical reputation.Through the research,it could be elucidated that under the effective 'oligarchy',the Venetian patriciate had successfully administered the Republic to form a harmonious society.