中国侠起源问题的再考索

侠的起源是探讨侠的历史演变和侠文化、侠文学不可回避的问题.考察了前辈时彦在侠的起源问题上的诸种说法,并联系先秦社会历史文化实际和中国侠自身的人格精神及行为规范,指出春秋战国时期的刺客是中国古代侠的直接源头,其人格精神和行为规范中包含了中国古代侠的最原始的、最稳定的质素.刺客人格类型经历了由宗法性武士到非宗法性武士、由成为游民中的一部分到以行刺为手段依附于权贵的角色转换.在由刺客向侠的过渡中,战国时期剧烈的社会动荡使其服务于权贵的依附性大大减弱,由"失位"而进一步演变为民众的英雄,加之古代"任"的行为观念的滋养、诸子思想文化的人格哺育,形成了中国原始侠的人格精神和侠义观念,遂产生了中国古代社会最初的侠.

Re-exploration on the Origin of Chinese"Xia"or Knight

When it comes to the history of Xia,Xia culture and Xia literature,no researchers can afford to omit the origin of Xia or hero.The paper first makes a review of Mr.Shiyan's researches on the origin of"Xia",then an analysis of the social,cultural and historical background in the pre-Qin period,together with Chinese Knighterrantry's personality spirit and code of conduct.Based on the above discussion,it is pointed out that Chinese Xia in ancient times originates in the assassins appearing in the Spring and Au...