我国“转轨”时期的效率与公平问题——兼倡“效率优先,增进公平”

“效率优先”是社会主义市场经济的必然要求,然而我国“转轨”时期公平问题更加突出。十四大文件提出“效率优先、兼顾公平”对建立社会主义市场经济框架起了重大历史性指导作用,但这一提法也有不足之处,把“效率”和“公平”看成两码事,看不出其间正面因果关系。笔者认为,我们不仅应继续倡导“效率优先”,而且应正面面对效率—公平关系,笔者倡仪采取“效率优先,增进公平”的提法,即表明“效率优先”是发展经济、增进公平的前提,而“增进公平”则是“效率优先”的目标与归宿,是政府为弥补市场经济本身固有缺陷而努力(通过再分配完善社会保障制度)的方向,是政府义不容辞的责任及义务。

On efficiency and fairness in China''''s transitional period

Although efficiency priority is the necessary requirement of socialist market economy, fairness is more prominent in transitional period of China. It is true that the policy of “efficiency priority by taking account of fairness” proposed at the Fourteenth National Congress of CPC played an important role in establishing the structure of socialist market economy, but the shortcoming lies in its regarding efficiency and fairness as two independent things. This paper points out the cause-and-effect relationship between efficiency and fairness. It is the government’s duty to advocate the principle of “efficiency priority while promoting fairness”, because efficiency is the prerequisite for developing economy and promoting fairness, and promoting fairness is the goal of efficiency priority.