论马克思的“自然”优先地位

马克思曾在《德意志意识形态》一文中明确提出：“自然界的优先地位仍然保持着。”对此处“自然”的理解，学界观点大致有两种：一种认为指天然自然，即人的感性活动尚未触及到的自然；另一种认为指人化自然，即被人的实践活动中介的自然。本文基于马克思文本，对此问题浅做梳理认为，马克思所指“自然”的内涵兼具两层含义：天然自然和人化自然。并在此基础上，阐述二者互为转化的观点以及在当下谈论“自然优先地位”的现实意义。

On Marx's "priority of nature"

Marx, in his The German Ideology, explicitly suggested that ＂nature remains a priority＂. Since then, there have been mainly two views about ＂nature＂ in the context： one is nature that human emotional activities have not yet touched upon; the other refers to human nature, i.e. the nature mediated by human practice. Based on Marxist works, this article holds that the ＂nature＂ in the context refers to both original nature and human nature. At the same time, it points to the transformation between original and human natures as well as the practical significance of discussions on ＂nature＇s priority＂ in contemporary context.