试析战后日本环境政策的演变

战后初期,由于日本经济的高速增长,尤其是重化学工业的迅猛发展,生产活动和消费地区分布过于集中,政府对社会福利事业和环境保护的投入相对滞后,致使环境问题愈加严重.从60年代起,日本开始重视环境问题,扭转了重发展轻环境的政策基调,形成了较为完善的政策、法规和行政管理体系,有效地抑制了环境的继续恶化,并使其逐渐向好的方向发展.日本的经验教训可以为中国的现代化建设提供有益的思考和借鉴.

The Development of Environmental Policies in Post-war Japan

In the earlier part of the post-war period, Japanese economy, especially the heavy chemical industry developed rapidly; as a result, the productive and consumptive activities became too congested. The governmental investment in the welfare and environmental protection has relatively lagged and so the environmental problem became more and more serious. From the 1960s, the Japanese government attached more importance to the environmental protection and remodeled the keynote of developing economy at the expense of the environment and formed comparatively consummate policies, regulations and management systems, which effectively restrained the environment from getting worse and gradually make it develop in a benign way. The inspirations we draw from Japan can be served as references to the modernization of China.