考虑再制造设计水平的多期闭环供应链网络均衡

再制造设计已应用于企业实践，利于产品的再制造过程，但需要额外的投资。本文以多个规划期为决策环境，以包含需求市场层、零售商层和制造商层的闭环供应链网络为研究对象，其中每层包含多个成员，研究了制造商产品可再制造性设计水平决策问题。政府规定最低可再制造设计水平，各制造商对新产品的可再制造设计水平、生产和交易等变量进行决策；正向渠道中零售商同时销售新产品和再制造品，逆向渠道中零售商受制造商委托，在每个规划期末，回收各需求市场产生的废旧品；消费者对新产品和再制造品评价不同，通常对新产品评价较高，而对再制造品评价较低，其对两种产品愿意支付的价格也会不同。利用变分不等式等理论获得制造商和零售商的均衡条件，并获得整个供应链网络均衡模型。采用修正投影收缩算法求解。通过算例对再制造投资影响因子、政府最低可再制造水平、消费者对再制造品的评价系数等参数对均衡结果的影响进行了分析，获得了在多规划期供应链网络环境下，制造商的产品可再制造设计水平和政府有关部门决策时需关注的问题等管理学启示。

Multi-period Closed-loop Supply Chain Network Equilibrium with Design Level for Remanufactureability

The remanufactureabale design has been used in some companies, which can benefit the remanufacturing process. However, extra investment is also needed in the product design. Therefore, the enterprise especially manufacturers want to decide the remanufactureabale design level in production. In this paper, a kind of remanufactureabale design level implementation scheme of manufacturers is investigated under the multi-period decision making environment. In order to describe the change of the supply chain network, the decision making time is discreted to several periods. And the adjacent periods are connected with by recycling products cross-period use, and inventory transfer of new products and remanufacturing products. At present, the relevant literature manly focuses on the supply chain with one manufacturer and one retailer, and not fully expresses the competition among the same type players. In this paper, a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) network comprises multiple competitive manufacturers, multiple competitive retailers and multiple demand markets. The government regulates the lowest remanufactureabale design level, based on this regulation, the manufacturers make decisions for the remanufactureabale design level of new product, the production and transaction amount. In the forward channel, the manufacturers and retailers sell new products and remanufactured products, and in the reverse channel, the retailers, commissioned by manufacturers, collect used products from demand markets at the end of every period. To simplify the question, it is supposed that the used products can only be recycled and remanufactured once; the consumers in the demand markets evaluate the new product and remanufacturing product differently, thus the prices paid to the two kinds of product are different. Using the variational inequality and other theories, the equilibrium condition of the manufacturers and retailers are obtained, and then the integrated supply chain network equilibrium model is formulated. The modified projection and contraction method is employed to solve model. The numerical examples are provided to analyze the impacts of remanufacturing invest factor of remanufactureabale design level, the factor of consumers evaluation for the remanufactured products, the lowest regulation remanufactureable design level on the supply chain network equilibrium results. The results show that enterprises should increase the invest in the remanufactureabale design activity, when the evaluation of consumers for the remanufacturing products increases, the profit of manufacturers decreases at beginning and then increases. And these managerial insights can provide some references in the decision process of remanufactureable design level of manufacturers and related sectors of government.