中国古代文体自觉论

文体自觉是指文人对某种文体的体制特征有了全面、准确而明晰的认识，并在文体写作实践中自觉遵循的文学现象。“中国古代文体自觉论”的提出背景是1990年代以来中国古代文学自觉问题的重新升温，并继续引发诸多热议。本文提出以“文体自觉论”代替“文学自觉论”。笔者认为，文体自觉论符合中国文学发展的实际，也符合中国文论的实际，且理论上也是完全可行的。文体自觉应该有一个标准。标准问题是文艺自觉问题的关键和基础。衡量文体自觉的标准，扼要说有四点:第一，文体独立，体制健全，技艺纯熟；第二，出现专门的文人型作家；第三，读者云众，社会影响大，文化地位重要；第四，烛照社会生活广泛而深入。文体自觉主要包括诗歌自觉、古文(文章)自觉、戏剧自觉和小说自觉等，其自觉期分别在建安、中唐、元代、中唐等。

On the Genres Consciousness of Chinese Ancient Literature

The genres consciousness refers to the literati's comprehensive, accurate and clear understanding of the characteristics of a certain literary style, and their conscious abiding by these principles in writing. Against the background of the revival discussion of Chinese ancient literary consciousness since 1990, the genres consciousness of Chinese ancient literature is defined. The author puts forward "genres" consciousness to replace "literature" consciousness. According to the author, genres consciousness conforms to the actual development of Chinese literature; it's also consistent with the characteristics of Chinese literary theory; it is theoretically possible. The standard for genres consciousness mainly covers the following four points: stylistic independence, systematic integrity and technical perfection; the appearance of writers with a particular literary style; a large number of readers, the enormous social influence and the important cultural status; massive exploration of social life. Genres consciousness is differently and conspicuously demonstrated in poems, essays, dramas and fictions separately in Jian'an, the Mid-Tang Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Mid-Tang Dynasty.