近代中法债权债务关系的起源和开端

本文认为,公行制度时期广东十三行与法商之间的商业信用关系是近代中法债权债务的起源,1861年福建巡抚瑞瑸先后两次向包括法国洋商在内的各国洋商借款,是法国对近代中国贷款的开端.文章还对这笔贷款的诸要件进行了考辩,近代中法债权债务关系由双向到单向的变化,以及法国对近代中国的第一笔贷款的性质、债权人和债务人的目的,都体现了近代中国半殖民地半封建化的历程和这一社会形态的基本特点.

Origin and Beginning of the Debtor vs. Creditor Relationship between Modern China and France

The paper considers that modern China' s debt to France originated with the commercial credits between the Thirteen Cantonese Firms and French merchants during the period of State Owned Firms. In 1861 , Ruib-in,Governor (Xunfu) of Fujian,asked for loans twice from the western merchants including French ones, which was the beginning of French loans to modern China. The research in the key elements of the French loan, finds out that the change from reciprocal loaning to one-sided loaning of the credits between modern China and France, together with the nature and the purposes of the creditor and the debtor of the first French loan to modern China, manifests the course of semi-colonization of modern semi-feudal China as well as the basic characteristics of this social type.