“水”伦理的生态理念及其道德亲证

人类在伦理生活形式上对水的认知经历了3个阶段:水为伦理本原、水为自然资源、水为生态根源。水伦理的生态理念是从生态根源上对水的道德亲证,它内含对水本原的精神隐喻的生态诠解,又隐蔽着为水资源合理利用的伦理注入精神元素的意图,故而是对遵循自然的水伦理在伦理生活方式上确立的一种生态定位。按照水伦理的生态理念的内在要求,生态进路中的水伦理,是一个由"尊重水文"的生态信念、"遵循水利"的生态立场、"亲证水德"的生态规范诉求所构成的不断展开的伦理体系。它诉诸道德亲证的伦理生活形式,而非道德论证的实践推理,是对水之生态根源的实践认知和道德回应。在亲证水之自身价值的意义上,水伦理的生态理念呈现为一种广大的道德关怀。通过道德亲证,水伦理才将一种"用"的伦理建立在"乐"的伦理基础上。由于水伦理的生态理念倡导遵循自然的伦理,它隐含有从生态"是"得出生态"应该"的逻辑,因而无法避免自然主义谬误之诘难。

Ecological Idea of Water Ethics and Its Moral Realization

There are three phases for human beings gradually knowing water from the perspective of ethical form: water as ethical origin,water as natural resource,water as ethical root.The ecological idea of water ethics is the moral realization of water concerning ecological root,which contains the ecological connotation of spiritual metaphor of water origin and implies the intention of adding spiritual element to ethics for the reasonable use of water resource.So,it is the ecological orientation of water ethics following natue in its ethical form.According to the internal requirements of ecological ethics of water ethics,water ethics,in the process of ecology,is the ethical system which consists of ecological belief of respecting hydrology,ecological standpoint of following water conservancy and ecological norm of proving water morality.It is the practical cognition and moral response of ecological root of water.Based on the realization of water value,the ecological idea of water ethics embodies broad moral concern.By means of moral realization,water ethics forms the idea of use-ethics built on fun-ethics.However,it is impossible to avoid the naturalism shortcomings,for the ecological idea of water ethics advocates the ethics of following nature including the logic forming from ecological correctness to ecological must.