Educational inequalities in parental care time: Cross-national evidence from Belgium,Denmark, Spain,and the United Kingdom |
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| Institution: | 1. European University Institute, Italy;2. TIER, Maastricht University, The Netherlands;1. University of Alicante & IVIE, Spain;2. University of Murcia, Spain;3. Pablo de Olavide University & Ivie, Spain;1. Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, Humanities Bridgeford Street Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;2. Department of Sociology and Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Humanities Bridgeford Street Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;3. Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1NF, UK;1. Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;2. Department of Construction Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. School of Architectural Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Forest Resources and Landscape Architecture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | This study uses time-diary data for dual-earner couples from Belgium, Denmark, Spain, and the United Kingdom to analyze educational inequalities in parental care time in different national contexts. For mothers, education is significantly associated with parenting involvement only in Spain and the United Kingdom. In Spain these differences are largely explained by inequalities in mothers' time and monetary resources, but not in the United Kingdom, where less-educated mothers disproportionally work in short part-time jobs. For fathers, education is associated with parenting time in Denmark, and particularly in Spain, while the wife's resources substantially drive these associations. On weekends, the educational gradient in parental care time applies only to Spain and the United Kingdom, two countries with particularly large inequalities in parents' opportunities to engage in parenting. The study shows country variations in educational inequalities in parenting, suggesting that socioeconomic resources, especially from mothers, shape important variations in parenting involvement. |
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| Keywords: | Parental care Time use Education Cross-national research Work-family policy |
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