从“道”“德”关系看老子哲学的积极内涵

对老子以"贵柔"知白守黑"为代表的行为准则,人们往往给予"消极保守"的评价。其实老子并非真是消极保守、否定进取:其一,"道"本自然,不具备价值判断;其二,"德"存于社会,但人不能做到"立德","德"需以"道"为体,才能复归于真德;其三,老子更看重"道"的根源性、统一性、自然性、和谐性,因此万事万物、人的一切言行的正确与否最终都归于"道"的标准。老子哲学的积极本质仍具有现实指导意义。

Laozi's Active Philosophical Views Reflected in the Relationship of Tao and De

Laozi is commonly believed passive and conservative in code of conduct represented by those ideas as "value softness" and "know and observe all but stay obscure" 。Is it true that Laozi is passive and conservative,and denies the spirit of progress? This thesis attempts to contradict this inference with the following three points. First,"Dao" is aimless and a purposeless existence,which possesses no judgment of value. Second,"De" exists in society,which can't be established by human beings. It needs "Dao" to visualize it,so that it can become "De" in real sense. Third,what Laozi emphasizes is the essence of "Dao" ,as well as its unity,objectivity,harmony,thus all the things including human words and deeds should be judged according to the standard of "Dao". Therefore,the so-called passivity and conservativeness of Laozi's philosophy need to be discussed,and its positive nature still has practical guiding significance today.