政府数据开放背景下个人信息知情同意权的行政法架构

政府数据开放的趋势对于个人信息保护的要求越来越高。个人信息保护中的知情同意权是公民个人信息自决权的核心,是政府数据开放制度中必不可少的内容。知情同意权最早起源于医疗领域,是医学界保护接受测试者的基本规范,这一规范从医学伦理转化而来,最终在法律中得到确认。个人信息保护中的知情同意,要求任何主体在收集和利用个人信息时应当如实、全面地告知当事人具体情况,并征得当事人同意后方可对信息进行处理,包含具体同意和概括同意。个人信息知情同意权在行政法领域的特殊性表现为:双方主体地位不平等,知情同意权更多地表现为知情权,个人信息泄露影响巨大。同时应当构建如下规则:知情同意不能构成责任免除;概括同意和具体同意并行;剔除具有可识别性的信息,且不能恢复;制定大数据使用规范,避免出现大数据歧视。

Administrative law framework of informed consent of personal information under background of open government data

The trend of government data opening requires higher and higher protection for personal information. The right of informed consent in personal information protection is the core of the right to self-determination of the personal information of citizens, which is an indispensable part in the construction of government data opening system. The right of informed consent originated from the medical field, which is the basic standard for the medical protection of the test subjects. The standard is transformed from medical ethics and finally confirmed in the law. The informed consent in the protection of personal information requires that any subject be informed of the specific circumstances of the parties in the collection and use of personal information in a truthful and comprehensive manner, and that the parties accept the consent of the parties to deal with the information, including specific consent and general consent. The particularity of informed consent right in the field of administrative law lies in that the status of the two parties is not equal, and the right of informed consent is more expressed as the right to know, and the disclosure of personal information has great influence. The following rules should be set up concurrently:the liability exemption can not be constituted by the informed consent; the general consent and the specific consent are parallel; the identifiable information is eliminated and irretrievable; the use specifications of big data is drawn up so as to avoid big data discrimination.