政党统合的力量:党、政治资本与草根NGO的发展:基于Z省H市的多案例比较研究

本文旨在探讨转型时期党对于草根NGO的独特影响机制。在整合前人相关研究的基础上，通过对Z省H市两个草根环保NGO的多案例比较，本文发现党对于NGO的影响存在一条与政府不同的独特机制。与传统资源视角和合法性视角所认为的不同，本文认为，党在拓宽资源渠道、增强政治合法性方面对于NGO的影响与政府相比并不存在显著优势，然而唯独党可以通过统合手段，从制度层面给予NGO领导人以政治身份，从而增强其政治资本、扩展其社会网络，为NGO的发展提供更加宽松的制度环境。这一点单一的政府部门难以企及。本文不仅深化了学术界对于国家-社会关系层面更加细致的理解，而且在更广泛层面暗示了与国家的紧密联系并不必然意味着NGO自主性的缺失。未来的研究应当将关注点放在这种关系对于公共治理所造成的实际影响，而非NGO的独立性和自主性本身。

The Power of Co-optation: Party,Political Capital and the Development of NGOs: A Comparative Case Study in H city,Z Province

In recent years, there has been a growing number of publications focusing on the state-NGOs relationship in China. However, most of the studies regard the state as "the government" and neglect the role of the Party, a key player, in shaping the state-NGOs relationship, as well as the difference between the government and the Party. As a ruling party, the CCP exercises tremendous influence on people's daily life.Current studies indicate that the government tend to use a strategy of categorization to control NGOs. What remains unclear, however, is whether the Party has a different impact on NGOs than the government and how it influences the relationship between the government and NGOs. This paper examines the emerging role of the Party since the policy implementation of "Strengthening the Party Organization in NGOs" in 2015, which requires all NGOs to establish CCP branch units. Two environmental grassroots NGOs are selected for the comparative case study in this paper to examine the different mechanism through which the Party makes its impact on NGOs. The finding indicates that only the Party is able to co-opt the leaders of NGOs and give them political credentials and capitals that help expanding NGOs'social networks and creating a hospitable regulative environment for growth. The finding suggests that a close tie with the state does not necessarily mean a loss of autonomy. This study is by no mean a comprehensive discussion of the impact of the Party on NGOs. Further research is needed to study the actual impact of this relationship on public governance.