解读利益集团在美国政治博弈中的作用

利益集团是指为实现某种特定目的、获取某种特殊利益而对政府施加影响的政治性组织。利益集团影响政府决策的方式主要有资助竞选、政治游说和司法诉讼。利益集团及其游说活动是美国现代民主政治的基本组成部分,也是滋生诸多民主问题的根源。为了使政策向本集团的利益倾斜,有组织的利益集团及其代表一直在不懈地努力着,是美国民主政治的建设者,同时又是破坏者。多元主义既有培育民主的一面,又有践踏民主的一面,因而在学术界既被防卫又被攻击。

Decoding Functions of Interest Groups in U. S. Political Games

Interest groups are political organizations established to influence governmental action in a specific area of policy by electioneering, lobbying,and litigating.In the United States,interest groups and lobbying are essential components of modern democratic politics.They also are a continual source of problems for democracy.The organized interests and their representatives make endless vigorous efforts to sway policy in their favor,as a force both constructive and destructive to American democratic politics.Pluralism has been defended as fostering democracy and attacked as being undemocratic.This article mainly looks at the two-faced dialectical functions of interest groups in American political games.