农业要素市场关联与农地经营权流转效率损失

基于2005—2020年中国省级农业面板数据,运用空间计量模型,从要素市场扭曲和空间失衡的角度探究了农业要素市场关联对农村土地经营权流转效率损失的影响。研究发现:农业要素市场具有关联性,农业劳动力市场和资本市场的发育会影响农村土地经营权流转市场,主要体现在劳动力市场扭曲和资本市场扭曲降低了农村土地经营权流转效率;农业生产要素空间失衡会造成周边地区农村土地经营权流转效率损失,具有空间溢出效应,从空间效应分解来看,资本市场扭曲的间接效应甚至超过了直接效应。进一步研究发现,根据全要素生产效率分解,劳动力市场扭曲和资本市场扭曲的间接效应主要体现在技术效率损失,直接效应主要体现在技术进步效率损失。因此,降低农业劳动力和资本要素市场扭曲对提高我国农村土地经营权流转效率至关重要,发展农业劳动力市场和资本市场,降低农业外包服务成本,提高农业金融的可及性,是促进我国农村土地经营权流转有效市场发育的重要途径。

Agricultural Factor Market Correlation and Efficiency Loss of Rural Land Transfer

Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2005 to 2020, this paper explores the impact of agricultural factor market correlation on the efficiency loss of rural land transfer from the perspective of factor market distortion and spatial imbalance by using the spatial econometric model. The results showed that agricultural factor markets are correlated, and the development of agricultural labor market and capital market affect the rural land transfer market, which is mainly reflected in that the distortion of labor market and capital market reduce the efficiency of rural land transfer. The spatial imbalance of agricultural production factors can cause the loss of the efficiency of the rural land transfer in the surrounding areas, which has a spatial spillover effect. From the perspective of spatial effect decomposition, the indirect effect of capital market distortion exceeds the direct effect. Further research shows that, on the basis of decomposition of production efficiency, the indirect effect of labor market distortion and capital market distortion is mainly reflected in technological efficiency, while the direct effect is mainly reflected in technological progress efficiency. Therefore, reducing the market distortion of agricultural labor and capital factors is crucial to the efficiency of rural land transfer. Developing agricultural labor market and capital market, reducing the cost of agricultural outsourcing service, and improving the accessibility of agricultural finance are important ways to promote the development of rural land transfer market.