论春秋战国时期兵学中的朴素唯物辩证思想

春秋战国时期兵学中的朴素唯物辩证思想渊源于夏、商、周,这一时期出现的《军政》《军志》《令典》等兵书和集三代兵学思想之大成者姜望的思想中的朴素唯物辩证思想已开始萌芽。春秋战国时期出现的《孙子》《吴子》《孙膑兵法》《尉缭子》和《司马法》等兵书继承和发展了夏、商、周时期兵学中的朴素唯物辩证思想,展现出丰富的内容:一是依据战争中的客观因素及其矛盾去认识战争指导原则和发展规律,强调“知己知彼,百战不殆”;二是重视发挥人的主观能动性,强调在战争中要观形察势、因变治变;三是论述了战争中文与武、军事斗争与政治斗争之间的辩证关系,强调文德与武备并重、政略与战略结合等。这些朴素唯物辩证思想至今仍有现实指导意义。

On the simple material dialectical thought of the strategies in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States period

The simple material dialectical thought of the strategics in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States period originated from the Xia, Shang and Zhou period, during which the simple material dialectical thought in the books on the art of war, such as Military Administration , Soldier' s Ambition and Legal Code and Jiang Wang s thought which gathered three generations soldier learning had already started to sprout. The books on the art of war appearing in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States period, such as Sunzi, Wuzi, The Art of War of Sunbin, Weiliaozi and The Art of War of Sima inherited and developed the simple material di-alectical thought of the strategics in Xia,Shang and Zhou period and is full of abundant content:the first is un-derstanding the golden rule and the development regulation according to the objective factors and its antinomy of war,emphasizing"Knowing both your opponent and yourself keeps you never losing" .The second is laying emphasis on the development of subjective initiative, especially on observing the situation and keeping up with the changes in the war. The third is discussing the dialectical relation between pen and sword, military conflict and political struggle,emphasizing the equality on both civil and military,the combination between military strategy and political strategy. The simple material dialectical thought of the strategies still has the practical leading meaning nowadays.