论业务过失犯罪的处罚

我国刑法中的“业务”与“职务”是两个不同的概念。因此，业务过失犯罪不同于职务过失犯罪，在研究中应予以区分。我国《刑法》分则中规定的业务过失犯罪主要有18种。当前对这些业务过失犯罪的处罚存在规范层面、理念层面与实践层面的问题，表现为：一是法定刑配置问题，二是刑罚目的偏重于惩罚而忽视预防，三是刑罚效果不容乐观。这些问题的存在，一方面不利于业务过失犯罪的处罚，另一方面无助于预防和减少该类犯罪的发生。因此，有必要通过贯彻罪刑均衡原则、协调刑罚的目的、关注刑罚的伦理性与注重非刑罚处罚措施等方法及时解决业务过失犯罪的处罚中存在的问题，进而预防和减少该类犯罪的发生。

On the Punishment of Crime of Vocational Negligence

＂Vocation＂ and ＂duty＂ are two different concepts in China＇s criminal law. Therefore, the crime of vocational negligence is different from the crime of the dereliction of duty. They should be distinguished in researches. There are 18 kinds of crimes of vocational negligence in the specific provisions of China＇s criminal law. There exist problems in the punishment of crimes of vocational negligence in normative aspect, concept aspect and practical aspect. The first problem is the configuration of legal sentence; the second problem is that the purpose of the penalty stresses on punishment but ignores the prevention of crimes; the third is that the effect of punishment is far from satisfying. These problems, on one hand, are not conducive to the punishment of crime of vocational negligence; on the other hand, it does not help to prevent and reduce this kind of crimes. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the principle of suiting punishment to crime, coordinate the purpose of penalty, focus on the ethical nature of penalty and pay attention to non-penalty punishment methods so as to prevent and reduce this kind of crimes.