德国浪漫派的“哲学观”

亚里士多德把哲学理解为"Sophia",它不但是一种洞察事物的本质和现象的知识(即科学),而且是一种能够贯穿理论和实践的能力(即智慧)。康德为哲学规定的主要任务是"Kri-tik",即借助于理性而对现存一切事物进行审查和反思,而亚里士多德所主张的科学、智慧及其统一则被康德看作是一个只能无限趋近的理想。在亚里士多德和康德的影响下,以施莱格尔和诺瓦利斯为代表的德国浪漫派哲学家们提出了一种新的"哲学观"。德国浪漫派一方面主张哲学应当克服时代精神的分裂状态,回到古典的无所不包的"Sophia",另一方面又把批判的矛盾指向哲学自身。在施莱格尔看来,哲学的任务不在于给出答案,而在于不断提问的过程。这种观点被后来的生命哲学和存在主义继承,在实际上加剧了哲学与科学(智慧)之间的分裂。相比之下,诺瓦利斯并没有把"答案"与"提问"绝对对立起来,他认为,个别哲学遭遇的困境应该在一种"百科全书"的知识体系中遭到扬弃,而这个思想恰恰与德国古典哲学(特别是谢林和黑格尔)的理想达成一致。

The “View of Philosophy” of German Romanticism

Aristotle understood philosophy as "sophia",which is not only an insight into the nature of things and phenomena(ie.knowledge or science),but also a capacity to run through the theory and practice(ie.wisdom).And Kant’s requirement for the main task of philosophy is "Kritik",which means to review and to reflect rationally all things existing,meanwhile Aristotle’s unity of science and wisdom is considered as an infinitely approaching to the ideal.Under the influences of them,Friedrich Schlegel and Novalis as the representative of the German Romantic philosophers have proposed a new view of "philosophy".They advocate overcoming the division of the spirit of the times and going back to the classical all-inclusive "sophia",in the meanwhile they criticize the philosophy itself.In Schlegel’s opinion,the task of philosophy is not offering answers,but rather asking questions continually.This view was later inherited by the "philosophy of life" and existentialism,and actually intensified the fission of philosophy and knowledge(sophia)