时代变化与士人贞节观念关系探析--以明中期至明末清初的归有光和归庄为个案

归有光是明中期的大散文家,他的贞节观一方面继承了传统程朱理学观念,又有不同于传统的比较开明的一面,这与当时的王学思潮、节烈风气、个人经历和性格关系密切.归庄是归有光的曾孙,明末清初的遗民诗人,他不但坚持传统贞节观念,而且对女子贞节的要求更加苛刻,这与当时的忠烈语境、为激励士人的目的、贞节风气、个人经历和性格有关.分析和比较他们的贞节观念,可以窥见明中期的阳明心学影响下和明清易代之际苛求忠烈的社会思潮影响下的社会变化对士人贞节观念的影响.

Views on the social changes in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty and the learned people's concept of chastity

GUI You-guang was a master of prose in the mid-Ming Dynasty. His opinion about women chastity consisted of two parts, one inherited from the Confucian school developed by CHENG Hao, CHENG Yi and ZHU Xi, and the other being more liberal. His great-grandson, a loyalist poet, GUI Zhuang lived in the Ming dynasty but grew up in the Qing dynasty, whose opinion changed to some extent. In insisting on the concept about the traditional chastity, he was much harsher. Comparing and analyzing their different opinions on chastity show how the social changes influenced the scholars in this field.