论中国古代个人与社会关系的思想

关于个人与社会的关系问题早在春秋时代就已展开了讨论,并产生了几个不同的理论流派.有主张个人服从社会,也有主张利己的.西汉以后,儒学获得独尊地位,个人与社会的思想是重整体意识,忽视个体意识,个人依附于社会;人与人、人与社会的关系被蒙上温情脉脉的宗法血缘的面纱,在内容上却是"三纲五常"等伦理道德观念;"仁"作为人们追求的至善,是一种群体和谐的原则;社会的秩序是一种以义务为中心的秩序.

On the Thought of the Relationship between Individuals and Society in Ancient China

The thought about individual-society relationship have sprouted in the Spring and Autumn period and several different genres came into being gradually. Some genres claimed that the individual should submit to the society, others asserted egocentric. After Western Han dynasty, the Confucian school acquired an exclusive honorable status, the orthodox thought of individual-society relationship was taking integrative consciousness seriously, ignoring individual sense, individual leeching on to society. The relationship of individual and society was covered the softhearted veil of patriarchal clan system and consanguinity, the substance was the moral principles such as 'the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues as specified in the feudal ethical code' and so on. 'Benevolence' was regarded as the paramount aim of pursuit for the individual. It emphasized the principle of group accordance. The order of society was an order of taking the duties as center.