高校学生伤害事故的法律分析及其预防处置

根据教育部第12号令《学生伤害事故处理办法》,对高校学生意外伤害事故的范围做出了界定。高等学校与大学生之间的法律关系主要有3种：其一,两者之间因教育教学活动而缔结成的法律关系;其二,高等学校与大学生之间的外部行政法律关系;其三,我国行政法学上所讲的内部行政法律关系。高校学生伤害事故的归责原则为过错责任原则和公平原则。高校学生伤害事故的责任分析为：高校承担责任,他人承担责任,学生或家长承担责任,混合型责任。高校学生伤害事故的预防及处置方法为：建立大学生安全宣传教育制度,建立大学生心理健康教育制度,建立高校教育设施管理责任制度,建立高校学生突发事件处置预案制度。在加强防范的同时,高校还应该健全学生伤害事故的处置机制,能够及时有效地处理,要以全力抢救生命为第一原则,避免事态进一步扩大,尽量减少损失,形成快速反应的工作机制。

Legal Analysis of the Accidents Injuring College Students and Their Prevention and Handling

The student-injuring accident is clearly defined in ＂Measures for Handling Student-injuring Accidents＂, Decree NO. 2 promulgated by the Ministry of Education. There exist three types of legal relationship between the university and its students. The first legal relationship is formed through teaching activities. The second one is the external administrative legal relationship. And the third one is the internal administrative le- gal defined in China＇s administrative law. The responsibility for student-injuring accidents should be identified by the principle of responsibility for faults and the principle of fairness, and it should be shouldered by the school, others involved, the student or his/her parents or by all parties concerned. In order to prevent and handle such accidents, systems should be established for publicity and education of college students＇ safety and for college students＇ psychological health education, and a responsibility system for management of colleges＇ educational facilities and a precautionary system for handling student-injuring accidents should also be built up. Besides, the mechanism for handling such accidents should be improved so as to make timely and effective response to the accidents. And the life-first principle should be strictly followed and an operating mechanism for swift response should be formed to reduce the damage as much as possible