论宋元戏剧的脚色反串

宋元时期是我国古代戏剧真正形成的历史时期,伴随着脚色体系的建立,出现了脚色反串的有趣现象。这一时期的脚色反串,几乎涉及到有性别之分的所有脚色,而且女演员反串更为普遍,并明显呈现出开放式的姿态,从而有别于宋前演员在歌舞戏、科白戏中的性别反串以及明清时期大盛的“男旦”之风,形成独特的历史艺术风貌。宋元时期在勾栏瓦舍、广场路歧、内廷家乐中出现“脚色反串”有着历史和时代的双重原因。

"Roles by Opposite Sex Performers" in Dramas of the Song and Yuan Dynasties

The Song and Yuan dynasties were the period that Chinese ancient drama took its shape. An interesting appearance, roles were played by opposite sex performers, was bound to follow the establishment of the role system. It almost involved to all roles having sexual distinction, moreover, male roles were played by actress was more universal."Roles by Opposite Sex Performers" in Song and Yuan dramas emerged a open posture and formed a unique historic artistic style. The style differed not only with "Roles by Opposite Sex Performers" of song dance drama and farce before song dynasty, but also with general mood, female roles played by actors in the dramas of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Besides, the thesis makes a concrete analysis on the reason of "Roles by Opposite Sex Performers" in Song Yuan dramas in varies of situations: (1)the prostitutes' quarters;(2)squares and mobile stages;(3)imperial palace and family dramas.