俄罗斯铁路运输企业经营机制转换及对我国的启示

俄罗斯铁路企业实施市场化改革,建立国有股份公司,并通过重建企业治理结构、实施业务分类管理等措施完成了企业经营机制转换,使其货运运营呈现良好的发展态势,但是客运运营仍然亏损严重。我国铁路政企分开后,应借鉴俄罗斯铁路企业转换经营机制改革的经验,中国铁路总公司应建立有效的内部治理机制、积极参与市场竞争;政府应建立公益性运输补贴机制,以保证企业真正走向市场,成为具有竞争活力的现代企业。

Transformation of Managerial Mechanism of Russian Railway Enterprise and its Enlightenment in China

The Russian railway enterprise completed the conversion of managerial mechanism of enter-prise by rebuilding corporate governance structure and implementing classified business management , and establishing the state_owned joint_stock company （JSCo RR） in its market_oriented reform .As a result ,the enterprise’ s freight showed a good momentum in its development ,although passenger transportation still remained in serious losses .After the separation of governmental administration from enterprise management ,the railway enterprise in China should learn from Russian railway enterprise ’s transformation in managerial mechanism .China Railway Cooperation should establish effective internal governance mechanisms and participate in market competition actively ;and the government should set up the mechanism of public welfare of transport subsidies so that the railway enterprise can be really market_oriented and become a modern enterprise with strong competitive vigor .