论生态环境损害代修复——兼论《民法典·侵权责任编》（草案）第1234条的完善

《民法典·侵权责任编》（草案）第1234条规定了生态环境损害代修复制度，具有落实“绿色原则”、扩大环境侵权的救济范围，以及与环境公益诉讼衔接等功能。实质上，该条款规定的生态环境代修复制度将环境行政代履行这一公法制度引入私法之中，利用公法主体与公共主体实现对环境公共利益的保护，体现了私法公法化的倾向。然而，其规定的生态环境损害代修复制度还存在公法权力与私法权利如何衔接、公法主体与公共主体的引入是否必要，以及如何避免“放弃权利”等问题。因此，其规定的生态环境损害修复制度，应保留该编救济私益的特征，限于对与私益损害共同存在的生态环境损害的救济，并从代修复主体扩张与代修复顺位设计两个方面予以完善。

The Relief of Ecological Environment Damage—Also on the Perfection of Article 1010 of the Tort Liability of Civil Code (Draft)

Article 1234 of the Tort Liability of the Civil Code stipulates the system of substitute repair of ecological environmental damage,which has the functions of implementing the "green principle",expanding the relief scope of environmental tort,and connecting with environmental public interest litigation.In essence,the ecological environment restoration system stipulated in this article introduces the public law system of environmental administrative performance into private law,and uses the subject of public law and public subject to protect the public interest of the environment,which reflects the public tendency of private law.However,there are still some problems in the ecological environment damage generation repair system,such as how to connect the public law power and the private law right,whether it is necessary to introduce the public law subject and the public subject,and how to avoid "giving up the right" and so on.Therefore,the eco-environmental damage repair system should retain the characteristics of relief private interests,be limited to the relief of eco-environmental damage co-existing with private interest damage,and improve it from two aspects:the expansion of the subject of relief and the sequential design of relief.