德国社会保障法律制度述评

德国社会保障法律制度的建立和发展有着其深刻的社会历史背景,首先是文化传统,其次是工人运动,再次是经济体制——社会市场经济。德国社会保障法包括社会保险法、社会促进法、社会补偿法和社会救济法。德国社会保障法的主要特点是,社会保障责任主体方面实行社会责任原则、由自治性社会组织——社会保障机构负责社会保险事务,收支模式是现收现付制,筹资形式模式是收费制。主要问题是社会保障水平过高,影响了人们的工作积极性;社会保障支出增长过快、财政和社会负担过重。德国社会保障法一直处于渐变中,主要是增加个人责任和自由。

On Social Security Legal System in Germany

There exists profound social background behind German social security legal system, including cultural tradition, workers movement and economic system-social market economy. The system also contains social security law, social compensation law, and social relief law. The characteristics of German social security legal system are social duty principle, pay-as-you-go system and free-raising system. The main problems are that the social security level is too high to thwart people's positivity to work, and the expense of social security increases so fast that has become a heavy financial burden of government. The trend of German social security reform is to increase individual duty and freedom.