实践理性--解读和探析中国传统哲学的另一个维度

中国传统哲学不同于西方的古典哲学 ,这是不争的事实。我们发现 ,思维的不同层面是导致中国传统哲学和西方古典哲学之间发生差异的根本原因。按照康德的方式 ,把哲学思维划分为“纯粹理性”和“实践理性”两个层面 ,并认为“纯粹理性”是一般哲学的思维方式 ,其目的和作用主要是为科学的普遍必然性和合理性做证明 ;而“实践理性”则是在自由基础上的关于信仰的思维方式 ,它要把握的是彼岸世界而不是此岸世界 ,所以在严格的意义说 ,“实践理性”所产生或者诠释的是一种道德形而上学而不是一般意义上的思维哲学。“实践理性”大体包括“自由即自律”、“定言命令”和“公设”等三方面的内容。我们依此而推演出中国传统哲学的一般特征和方法论 ,希望梳理出中国传统哲学的构建逻辑和脉络。

Practical Rationality--the Other Side of Explaining and Analyzing China's Traditional Philosophy

It is an undisputable fact that China's traolitional philosophy is different from western classic philosophy. The fundamental reason is the different levels of thinking. The philospohical thinking is divided into "pure rationality" and "practical rationality". The "pure rationality" is the general thinking way, which aims at proving the necessity and rationality of science. The "practical rationality" is the thinking way about belief based on freedom, which grasps the Faramita of the world, not the temporality. So the "practical rationality" with strict significance produces or explains a kind of metaphysics, not the thinking philosophy with general significance. It includes three aspects:"freedom is the self-discipline", "fixed order" and "postulate". We deduce the general characteristics and methods of China's traditional philosophy and its construction logic.