良知是造化的精灵——王阳明良知概念的实体化倾向

王阳明的良知教以人之道德实践作为归宿，即良知作为人先天的道德意识，它是判断一切现实是非善恶的标准，顺良知之发，则一切行为无不合天理，由此王阳明强调“致良知”为学问的主脑工夫。而另一方面，当王阳明的视野从人类社会扩展到整个宇宙时，良知又超越了作为心之本体的存在形式，上而为“造化的精灵”，它“与物无对”，它“生天生帝”，天地万物都以之作为存在的基础与本质，这样在存有论的意义上良知就成为一种实体性的存在。

Conscience is the Spirit of the Creativity——The Orientation of Substantiation of Wang Yangming's Concept of Conscience

Wang Yangming's theory of conscience aimed at human's moral practice,and his meaning was that as human's innate moral consciousness,conscience was the criterion of judging right and wrong,good and evil.When a man followed his functioning conscience,all his conducts would conform to Heavenly Principle.Thus Wang Yangming emphasized that the extention of conscience was the main Gongfu of leaning.On the other hand,when Wang Yangming moved his sight from the human society to the entire universe,conscience transcended the form of the "Benti"of the mind.It became the spirit of the creativity.It had no counterpart,and it produced the heaven and the god.All things between the heaven and the earth took it as the foundation and essence of their existence.In the sense of ontology,conscience became a kind of being of substantiation.